(#) Using APIs affected by query permissions !!! WARNING: Using APIs affected by query permissions This is a warning. Id : `QueryPermissionsNeeded` Summary : Using APIs affected by query permissions Severity : Warning Category : Correctness Platform : Android Vendor : Android Open Source Project Feedback : https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/new?component=192708 Since : 4.1.0 (October 2020) Affects : Kotlin and Java files and manifest files Editing : This check runs on the fly in the IDE editor See : https://g.co/dev/packagevisibility Implementation : [Source Code](https://cs.android.com/android-studio/platform/tools/base/+/mirror-goog-studio-main:lint/libs/lint-checks/src/main/java/com/android/tools/lint/checks/PackageVisibilityDetector.kt) Tests : [Source Code](https://cs.android.com/android-studio/platform/tools/base/+/mirror-goog-studio-main:lint/libs/lint-tests/src/test/java/com/android/tools/lint/checks/PackageVisibilityDetectorTest.kt) Apps that target Android 11 cannot query or interact with other installed apps by default. If you need to query or interact with other installed apps, you may need to add a `` declaration in your manifest. As a corollary, the methods `PackageManager#getInstalledPackages` and `PackageManager#getInstalledApplications` will no longer return information about all installed apps. To query specific apps or types of apps, you can use methods like `PackageManager#getPackageInfo` or `PackageManager#queryIntentActivities`. (##) Example Here is an example of lint warnings produced by this check: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~text src/test/pkg/MainActivity.kt:14:Warning: As of Android 11, this method no longer returns information about all apps; see https://g.co/dev/packagevisibility for details [QueryPermissionsNeeded] pm.getInstalledPackages(0) // ERROR -------------------- src/test/pkg/MainActivity.kt:15:Warning: As of Android 11, this method no longer returns information about all apps; see https://g.co/dev/packagevisibility for details [QueryPermissionsNeeded] pm.getInstalledApplications(0) // ERROR ------------------------ src/test/pkg/MainActivity.kt:17:Warning: Consider adding a declaration to your manifest when calling this method; see https://g.co/dev/packagevisibility for details [QueryPermissionsNeeded] pm.queryBroadcastReceivers(Intent(), 0) // ERROR ----------------------- src/test/pkg/MainActivity.kt:18:Warning: Consider adding a declaration to your manifest when calling this method; see https://g.co/dev/packagevisibility for details [QueryPermissionsNeeded] pm.queryContentProviders("", 0, 0) // ERROR --------------------- src/test/pkg/MainActivity.kt:19:Warning: Consider adding a declaration to your manifest when calling this method; see https://g.co/dev/packagevisibility for details [QueryPermissionsNeeded] pm.queryIntentServices(Intent(), 0) // ERROR ------------------- src/test/pkg/MainActivity.kt:20:Warning: Consider adding a declaration to your manifest when calling this method; see https://g.co/dev/packagevisibility for details [QueryPermissionsNeeded] pm.queryIntentActivities(Intent(), 0) // ERROR --------------------- src/test/pkg/MainActivity.kt:22:Warning: Consider adding a declaration to your manifest when calling this method; see https://g.co/dev/packagevisibility for details [QueryPermissionsNeeded] Intent().resolveActivity(pm) // ERROR --------------- src/test/pkg/MainActivity.kt:23:Warning: Consider adding a declaration to your manifest when calling this method; see https://g.co/dev/packagevisibility for details [QueryPermissionsNeeded] Intent().resolveActivityInfo(pm, 0) // ERROR ------------------- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Here is the source file referenced above: `src/test/pkg/MainActivity.kt`: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~kotlin linenumbers package test.pkg import android.app.Activity import android.content.Intent import android.os.Bundle class MainActivity : Activity() { override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) val context = applicationContext val pm = context.packageManager pm.getInstalledPackages(0) // ERROR pm.getInstalledApplications(0) // ERROR pm.queryBroadcastReceivers(Intent(), 0) // ERROR pm.queryContentProviders("", 0, 0) // ERROR pm.queryIntentServices(Intent(), 0) // ERROR pm.queryIntentActivities(Intent(), 0) // ERROR Intent().resolveActivity(pm) // ERROR Intent().resolveActivityInfo(pm, 0) // ERROR this.getInstalledPackages() // OK this.resolveActivity() // OK } private fun getInstalledPackages() = Unit private fun resolveActivity() = Unit } ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ You can also visit the [source code](https://cs.android.com/android-studio/platform/tools/base/+/mirror-goog-studio-main:lint/libs/lint-tests/src/test/java/com/android/tools/lint/checks/PackageVisibilityDetectorTest.kt) for the unit tests for this check to see additional scenarios. The above example was automatically extracted from the first unit test found for this lint check, `PackageVisibilityDetector.testCannotQueryPackages`. To report a problem with this extracted sample, visit https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/new?component=192708. (##) Suppressing You can suppress false positives using one of the following mechanisms: * Using a suppression annotation like this on the enclosing element: ```kt // Kotlin @Suppress("QueryPermissionsNeeded") fun method() { getInstalledPackages(...) } ``` or ```java // Java @SuppressWarnings("QueryPermissionsNeeded") void method() { getInstalledPackages(...); } ``` * Using a suppression comment like this on the line above: ```kt //noinspection QueryPermissionsNeeded problematicStatement() ``` * Adding the suppression attribute `tools:ignore="QueryPermissionsNeeded"` on the problematic XML element (or one of its enclosing elements). You may also need to add the following namespace declaration on the root element in the XML file if it's not already there: `xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"`. ```xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <manifest xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"> ... <uses-permission tools:ignore="QueryPermissionsNeeded" .../> ... </manifest> ``` * Using a special `lint.xml` file in the source tree which turns off the check in that folder and any sub folder. A simple file might look like this: ```xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <lint> <issue id="QueryPermissionsNeeded" severity="ignore" /> </lint> ``` Instead of `ignore` you can also change the severity here, for example from `error` to `warning`. You can find additional documentation on how to filter issues by path, regular expression and so on [here](https://googlesamples.github.io/android-custom-lint-rules/usage/lintxml.md.html). * In Gradle projects, using the DSL syntax to configure lint. For example, you can use something like ```gradle lintOptions { disable 'QueryPermissionsNeeded' } ``` In Android projects this should be nested inside an `android { }` block. * For manual invocations of `lint`, using the `--ignore` flag: ``` $ lint --ignore QueryPermissionsNeeded ...` ``` * Last, but not least, using baselines, as discussed [here](https://googlesamples.github.io/android-custom-lint-rules/usage/baselines.md.html).