(#) Using system app permission !!! ERROR: Using system app permission This is an error. Id : `ProtectedPermissions` Summary : Using system app permission Severity : Error Category : Correctness Platform : Android Vendor : Android Open Source Project Feedback : https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/new?component=192708 Since : Initial Affects : Manifest files Editing : This check runs on the fly in the IDE editor Implementation : [Source Code](https://cs.android.com/android-studio/platform/tools/base/+/mirror-goog-studio-main:lint/libs/lint-checks/src/main/java/com/android/tools/lint/checks/SystemPermissionsDetector.java) Tests : [Source Code](https://cs.android.com/android-studio/platform/tools/base/+/mirror-goog-studio-main:lint/libs/lint-tests/src/test/java/com/android/tools/lint/checks/SystemPermissionsDetectorTest.java) Copyright Year : 2012 Permissions with the protection level `signature`, `privileged` or `signatureOrSystem` are only granted to system apps (unless they also include `appop`). If an app is a regular non-system app, it will never be able to use these permissions. (##) Example Here is an example of lint warnings produced by this check: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~text AndroidManifest.xml:13:Error: Permission is only granted to system apps [ProtectedPermissions] <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BACKUP" /> ---------------------------------------- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Here is the source file referenced above: `AndroidManifest.xml`: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~xml linenumbers <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="foo.bar2" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0" > <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="14" /> <!-- Ok: --> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /> <!-- Error --> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BACKUP" /> </manifest> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ You can also visit the [source code](https://cs.android.com/android-studio/platform/tools/base/+/mirror-goog-studio-main:lint/libs/lint-tests/src/test/java/com/android/tools/lint/checks/SystemPermissionsDetectorTest.java) for the unit tests for this check to see additional scenarios. (##) Suppressing You can suppress false positives using one of the following mechanisms: * Adding the suppression attribute `tools:ignore="ProtectedPermissions"` on the problematic XML element (or one of its enclosing elements). You may also need to add the following namespace declaration on the root element in the XML file if it's not already there: `xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"`. ```xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <manifest xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"> ... <uses-permission tools:ignore="ProtectedPermissions" .../> ... </manifest> ``` * Using a special `lint.xml` file in the source tree which turns off the check in that folder and any sub folder. A simple file might look like this: ```xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <lint> <issue id="ProtectedPermissions" severity="ignore" /> </lint> ``` Instead of `ignore` you can also change the severity here, for example from `error` to `warning`. You can find additional documentation on how to filter issues by path, regular expression and so on [here](https://googlesamples.github.io/android-custom-lint-rules/usage/lintxml.md.html). * In Gradle projects, using the DSL syntax to configure lint. For example, you can use something like ```gradle lintOptions { disable 'ProtectedPermissions' } ``` In Android projects this should be nested inside an `android { }` block. * For manual invocations of `lint`, using the `--ignore` flag: ``` $ lint --ignore ProtectedPermissions ...` ``` * Last, but not least, using baselines, as discussed [here](https://googlesamples.github.io/android-custom-lint-rules/usage/baselines.md.html).